Here you will find a selection of our detailed step-by-step downloadable photo flower making tutorials on fabric and leather flowers, leaves, butterflies etc.
To be able to receive more in-depth information on how to make flowers out of fabric and leather as well as get discounts on our pdf and video tutorials please feel free to SIGN UP FOR OUR UPDATES HERE
You can find a selection of our VIDEO courses here.
OCTOBER’24 – Online Event Witch’s Herbarium
This event has passed
If you wish to learn how to make stylised fabric THISTLE and leather BLACKBERRIES, you are welcome to purchase the ful recording of this demonstration.
Recording available for registered students forevermore.
DIY KITS for Silk & Velvet Thistle can be preordered here.
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Some flower shaping tools are needed to achieve the necessary 3D shaping on the parts in this design.
⸙ NEW ⸙ FESTIVE FERN, three ways Video Course
A new festive video course on stylised fern foliage. Learn to make beautiful botanical ferns and a wide range of wearable accessories with them in your own time
❀ beginner level with minimum or no tools
❀ 3 online video lessons
❀ 150+ minutes of VIDEO tuition on demand
❀ unlimited access for enrolled students
To access the course please login to your account and follow these instructions
SEPTEMBER’24 – Online Event on Dinnerplate Dahlias
This Demonstration has passed
If you wish to learn how to make large decorative aka dinnerplate DAHLIA flowers from different types of fabrics, you are welcome to purchase a full recording of this demonstration.
Recording available for registered students forevermore.
DIY KITS can now be preordered here
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Some flower shaping tools are needed to achieve the necessary 3D shaping on the parts in this design.
NEW Video Tutorial: Compound Horse Chestnut Leaf
❀ new video tutorial
❀ access to on demand video lesson
❀ unlimited access for enrolled students
❀ learn to make beautiful botanicals in your own time
video format
To access the course please login to your account and follow these instructions
NB: this video tutorial is free for the members of my Flora Fan Club subscription. Feel free to join the club here https://www.patreon.com/presentperfect_creations
AUGUST’24 – Online Event on Fabric Carnation, 2 ways
This event has passed
If you wish to learn how to make TWO types of carnations as well as Senecio cineraria aka Dusty Miller leaves using fabric leather, you are welcome to purchase the full recording of this demonstration.
Recording available for registered students forevermore.
DIY kits available upon request
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools are helpful to achieve the necessary 3D shaping on the parts in this design.
JULY’24 – Online Event on Handmade Lotus
This event has passed.
If you wish to learn how to make a lotus using fabric or leather, you are welcome to purchase access to the full recording of this demonstration.
Recording available for registered students forevermore.
DIY kits available upon request
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools are helpful to achieve the necessary 3D shaping on the parts in some designs
JUNE’24 – Online Event on MY PASSION Fabric Rose
This event has passed.
If you wish to learn how to make a new style of rose from fabric, you are welcome to purchase a full recording of this Zoom demonstration.
Recording available for registered students forevermore.
DIY kits available upon request
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools are helpful to achieve the necessary 3D shaping on the parts in some designs
NEW Video Tutorial: Fabric Tassel Flowers
❀ new video tutorial
❀ access to on demand video lesson
❀ unlimited access for enrolled students
❀ learn to make beautiful silk flowers in your own time
video format
To access the course please login to your account and follow these instructions
MAY’24 – Online Event Comprehensive Poppy Guide
This Demonstration has passed.
If you wish to learn how to make different styles of poppies out of fabric, you are welcome to purchase your access to this Zoom demonstration.
Recording available for registered students forevermore.
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools are helpful to achieve the necessary 3D shaping on the parts in some designs
Silk Peony Buds video tutorial
Original VIDEO TUTORIAL on SIlk Peony Buds
❀ realistic flowers
❀ Suitable for beginners with tools
❀ 60+ minutes of video tuition on demand
❀ flower shaping tools required
NB: this video tutorial is free for the members of my Flora Fan Club subscription. Feel free to join the club here https://www.patreon.com/presentperfect_creations
APRIL’24 – Online Event on Silk Lilac Flowers
This event has passed.
If you wish to learn how to make realistic looking lilac out of fabric, you are welcome to purchase your access to the full recording of this Zoom demonstration.
Recording available for registered students forevermore.
DIY kits might be availabe upon request.
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools are helpful to achieve the necessary 3D shaping on the parts
Stylised Fabric Feathers video tutorial
Original VIDEO TUTORIAL on Stylised Fabric Feathers / Leaves
❀ versatile application for different fabrics
❀ Suitable for beginners with tools
❀ 30+ minutes of video tuition on demand
❀ flower shaping tools required (see Essential Leaf Shaping Set)
NB: this video tutorial is free for the members of my Flora Fan Club subscription. Feel free to join the club here https://www.patreon.com/presentperfect_creations
March’24 – Online Event on Fabric Anemones. Contemporary Edit
This event has now passed.
If you wish to learn how to make fabric anemones. Contemporary edit you are welcome tщ purchase access to this Zoom demonstration.
Recording available for registered students forevermore.
DIY kits might be availabe upon request.
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools are helpful to achieve the necessary 3D shaping on the parts
NEW Denim Daffodil Brooch video tutorial
🕊️ Brand New
Detailed VIDEO TUTORIAL on one of the bright spring classics with a modern feel
❀ versatile application (fabrics, leather, denim)
❀ Suitable for beginners
❀ 70+ minutes of video tuition on demand
❀ No specialist tools required
Silk Plum Blossom Video Tutorial
❀ SPRING themed course
❀ VIDEO tuition on demand
❀ unlimited access for enrolled students
❀ learn to make beautiful silk flowers in your own time
February’24 – Online Event on 3D Heart Shaped Accessories
This event has passed
If you wish to learn how to make a number of pieces with 3D hearts with or without flowers, you are welcome to purchase access to a full recording of this Zoom demonstration.
Recording available for registered students forevermore.
DIY kits might be availabe upon request.
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools are helpful to achieve the necessary 3D shaping on the parts
NEW Video Tutorial: Fabric Flower Buds
❀ new video tutorial
❀ access to on demand video lesson
❀ unlimited access for enrolled students
❀ learn to make beautiful silk flowers in your own time
video format
To access the course please login to your account and follow these instructions
January’24 – Online Event on Lady Slipper Orchid
This event has passed.
if you wish to learn how to make a stunning exotic Lady Slipper Orchid, you are welcome to purchase your access to the full recording of this Zoom demonstration.
BONUS: separate video on how to make small white buds
DIY kits are available here and sold separately.
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools are helpful to achieve the necessary 3D shaping on the parts
December’23 – Online Event on Fairy Tale Crowns
This event has passed
if you wish to learn how to make a crown for yourself or as a gift FROM SCRATCH, you are welcome to purchase a full recording of this demo.
Pre Christmas time is perfect for creating fascinating pieces like these fairy tale crowns.
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools might be handy for some designs to achieve the necessary 3D shaping on the parts
November’23 – Online Event on Fabric Hibiscus Flower
The showy tropical hibiscus flower is perfect for party and bridal pieces.
This event has now passed.
If you wish to learn how to make this fabric hibiscus to be used in your designs you are welcome to purchase a full recording of this demo.
Purchase the corresponding DIY kit here
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools are recommended to achieve the necessary 3D shaping on the parts
October’23 – Online Event FROM FLOWER TO SEED
This even has passed.
if you wish to learn how to make your own fabric seed heads and seed pods to be used in your designs you are welcome to purchase a full recording of this online demonstration.
A recording of the From Flower to Seed demo will be available to access after the event for the registered participants of this demo.
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools are recommended for best results.
September’23 – Online Event on Fabric Grapes
This event has passed.
if you wish to learn how to make your own fabric grapes and vines to be used in your designs you are welcome to purchase a full recording of this online demonstration.
A recording of the Fabric Grapes demo will be available to access after the event for the registered participants of this demo.
Purchase the corresponding DIY kit here
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools are recommended but not necessary.
August’23 – Online Event on Fabric Plumeria Flowers
This event has passed.
if you wish to learn how to make your own tropical plumeria flowers to be used in your designs you are welcome to purchase a full recording of this demo.
Purchase the corresponding DIY kit here
Video format
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools are recommended but not necessary.
JULY’23 – Online Event on DAISIES and SISTERS
This event has passed
if you wish to learn how to make your own daisies and their sister flowers to be used in your designs you are welcome to purchase access to the full recording of this demo.
video format
For students of all levels. Flower shaping tools required.
A full recording will be available for all the registered participants.
JUNE’23 – Online Event on FABRIC MIDSUMMER DREAM ROSE
This event has passed.
if you wish to learn how to make your own fabric MIDSUMMER DREAM roses to be used in your designs you are welcome to purchase your access to the full recording of this demo.
Purchase the corresponding DIY kit here
Video format
For students with some previous experience in flower making. Flower shaping tools required.
UKRAINE APPEAL CHARITY Velvet Pansy Video Demo
This has been filmed as a CHARITY demonstration.
50% of the proceedings from the sales of this demo will go to the British Red Cross. Ukraine Appeal.
~ 80 min. on demand video tutorial
~ NO SPECIALIST TOOLS REQUIRED
video format
The finished and ready to ship Jumbo Velvet Pansy can be purchased here
MAY’23 – Online Event on Silk Rhododendron Flowers
This event has passed.
if you wish to learn how to make your own light and airy rhododendron flowers to be used in your designs you are welcome to purchase a recording of this live demo.
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools required.
APRIL’23 – Online Event on Silk Petunia Flower Earrings and more
This event has passed
if you wish to learn how to turn your handmade flowers into wearable earrings you are welcome to purchase access to the full recording of this live demo.
The making of Silk Petunia flower is also included in the demonstration.
All skill levels welcome. Flower shaping tools required.
MARCH’23 – Online Event on Fabric Fantasy Feather Flower
This event has passed.
You are welcome to purchase a full recording of this demonstration, if you wish to learn how to create a versatile and edgy fabric fantasy feather flower with the help of flower shaping tools.
All skill levels welcome.
FEBRUARY’23 – Online Event on Fabric Mimosa, 3 ways
This event has passed, however you are welcome to purchase a full recoring of the demo if you wish to learn 3 and more ways to create your very own wearable fabric mimosa blooms this spring.
All skill levels welcome.
Can be made without flower shaping tools
JANUARY’23 – Online Event on Fabric Camellias. Contemporary Edit
This event has now passed.
If you wish to learn how to make this instant impact fabric camellia with a contemporary feel and attractive composite leaves, you are welcome to purchase access to a full recording of the live demo
All skill levels welcome.
Millinery tools required
Video course: Linen Lace Rose
A new video course for linen and cotton fans
❀ intermediate level
❀ 4 online video lessons + 1 BONUS on dyeing linen
❀ 2+ hours of VIDEO tuition on demand
❀ unlimited access for enrolled students
❀ learn to make beautiful hand crafted flowers in your own time
To access the course please login to your account and follow these instructions
NEW – Cotton Mini Tulip Tutorial
Detailed step-by-step flower tutorial for flower artists who wish to learn how to make sweet mini tulips and arrange them (as well as other flowers) into a wearable posy brooch.
NEW – Two Tone Fabric Chrysanthemum tutorial
Detailed step-by-step flower tutorial for flower artists who wish to learn the secrets of the impressive large chrysanthemum, a truly royal flower, made in 2 colours.
.pdf format
JUNE’22 – Online Event on a Miniature Leather Hat
For EU customers: please get in touch with us regarding placing your order for this event.
If you wish to learn how to make a cute miniature leather hat from scratch this video demonstration is for you.
All skill levels welcome.
Millinery tools required
OVERSIZED BLOOMS – advanced fabric flower video course
OVERSIZED BLOOMS detailed VIDEO course on 3 oversized blooms that are different in shape, materials, assembly techniques and more
❀ new on demand video course
❀ advanced level (previous experience required)
❀ 9 online video lessons + 3 BONUS lessons included
❀ 8+ hours of VIDEO tuition on demand
❀ unlimited access for enrolled students
❀ learn to make stunning oversized silk flowers in your own time
video format
APRIL’22 – CHARITY Online Event on FABRIC SUNFLOWER in support of the PEOPLE of UKRAINE
This event has passed. If you wish to learn how to make a stunning fabric sunflower, you are welcome to buy the full recording of this demo.
🌸 Introductory Video Lesson on how to dye fabrics for this project is available HERE
DIY kits available separately (see below).
Flower shaping tools are required (can be purchased HERE)
MARCH’22 – CHARITY Online Event on PEACE ROSE IN SUPPORT OF THE PEOPLE OF UKRAINE
Purchase at special price as a tutorial of the month for November 2024
The event has now passed. You are welcome to purchase the full recording of the live webinar
🌸 Introductory Video Lesson on how to dye fabrics for this project can be watched here
🌸 Additional lesson on how to shape and assemble foliage for the brooch is included
DIY kits available upon request.
Flower shaping tools are required.
FEBRUARY’22 – Online Event on Silk Cherry Blossom: single vs double
The event has now passed.
If you wish to learn how to make delicate cherry blossom in 2 different forms you are welcome to purchase the full recording of this demonstration.
🌸 Introductory Video Lesson on how to dye fabrics for this project can be accessed here
Video format
DIY kits available separately.
All skill levels welcome.
Flower shaping tools are required.
Romantic Story Silk Rose Tutorial
Detailed step-by-step Silk Rose tutorial for intermediate/ advanced flower artists with experience.
160 photos + 25 min video on shaping the petals with the tools
Millinery tools required
.pdf format
Immediately accessible after purchase
JANUARY’22 – Online Event on a NO Tool Leather / Denim Lily
This event has now passed. If you wish to learn how to make a stunning realistic looking leather lily crafted without the use of flower shaping tools from scratch are welcome to purchase a full video recording of it.
You can join the event with or without a DIY kit.
All skill levels welcome.
NOVEMBER’21 – Online Event on No Tool Fantasy Fabric Orchid
❀This event has now passed
If you wish to learn how to make fantasy fabric orchids in time for the festive season and beyond (think bridal designs etc) you are welcome to purchase the full recording of this online event.
You can join the event with or without a DIY kit.
video format
All skill levels welcome. No flower shaping tools required.
OCTOBER’21 – Online Event on Wild Velvet Poppies
❀This event has now passed
If you wish to learn how to make wild velvet poppies from scratch for Remembrance day and beyond you are welcome to purchase access to the full recording of this live online event.
You can join the event with or without a DIY kit.
All skill levels welcome. Millinery tools required.
video format
To access the purchased files please click here
VIVA Rolled Edge Rose Tutorial
Detailed step-by-step rolled edge rose tutorial for beginner/ improver flower artists who wish to master these unusual roses.
Millinery tools required
.pdf format
Immediately accessible after purchase
SEPTEMBER’21 – Online Event on Leather Chrysanthemums: Tooled vs Hand Shaped
❀This event has now passed
If you wish to learn how to make a new version of a NO TOOL leather chrysanthemum from scratch you are welcome to purchase your access to the recording of the event.
video format
You can join the event with or without a DIY kit.
All skill levels welcome.
To access the purchased files please click here
AUGUST’21 – Online Event on Handmade Butterflies and Dragonflies
❀This event has now passed
If you wish to learn how to make fabric butterflies and dragonflies you are welcome to purchase your access to the recording of the event.
2 sheets of Templates with Butterfly and Dragonfly wings are INCLUDED.
To access the purchased files please click here
You can join the event with or without a DIY kit.
⭐ video format
All skill levels welcome.
Essential Techniques for Leather Flowers
❀ aimed at beginners and improvers
❀ practical video demonstration on demand
❀ basic techniques (see full description below)
❀ 50 minutes of video
JULY’21 – Online Event on Fabric English Lavender 2 ways
❀This event has now passed
If you wish to learn how to make fabric lavender, 2 ways in realistic/ fresh and vintage/ dry versions you are welcome to purchase your access to the recording of the event.
A BONUS lesson on how to dye fabrics for the lavender is included in the materials of this tutorial.
To access the purchased files please click here
You can join the event with or without a DIY kit, simply choose the relevant option when placing your order.
All skill levels welcome***
MAY ’21- Online Event on Retro Lily of the Valley
❀This event has now passed
If you wish to master these lily of the valley flowers you are welcome to purchase your access to the recording of the event, with or without a DIY kit
Beginner friendly. No tools are required for making the lily of the valley flowers.
video format
To access the purchased files please click here
Video Tutorial: Velvet Fantasy Bells
❀ new video tutorial
❀ 2 online video lessons
❀ 1+ hour of VIDEO tuition on demand
❀ unlimited access for enrolled students
❀ learn to make beautiful silk flowers in your own time
video format
To access the course please login to your account and follow these instructions
Video course: Silk Parrot Tulip
❀ popular seasonal Spring video course
❀ intermediate level
❀ 5 online video lessons + 1 BONUS lesson***
❀ 2+ hours of VIDEO tuition on demand
❀ unlimited access for enrolled students
❀ learn to make beautiful silk flowers in your own time
To access the course please login to your account and follow these instructions
NEW Video course: Small Flowers. Spring Edition
❀ SPRING themed course
❀ 12 online video lessons + 3 BONUS lessons***
❀ 6+ hours of VIDEO tuition on demand
❀ unlimited access for enrolled students
❀ learn to make beautiful silk flowers in your own time
Leather Holly tutorial
❀ Perfect for beginners, in time for Christmas.
.pdf format
Immediately accessible after purchase
CHRISTMAS DIY Kit for making Fabric Mistletoe +TUTORIAL
TUTORIAL OF THE MONTH for December 2023. Purchase now at a special price.
special pre Christmas offer
Leather Rowanberry Tutorial
This tutorial is aimed at beginners and intermediate level artists.
You will learn a new way of assembling leaf branches as well as try varnishes in your leatherwork whilst creating this bright seasonal brooch.
Perfect as a gift.
.pdf format
Immediately accessible after purchase
Velvet Pansy Corsage Tutorial
perfect for artists with previous experience who wish to master complex dyeing and shaping velvet type fabrics
.pdf format
available immediately after purchase
Advanced Techniques for Fabric Flowers
45 minute long practical video demonstration on demand
Video course: Silk Clematis Vine
❀ new video course for SS’20
❀ 3 online video lessons + 1 BONUS lesson***
❀ 160 minutes of VIDEO tuition on demand
❀ unlimited access for enrolled students
❀ learn to make beautiful and versatile silk flowers in your own time
To access the course please login to your account and follow these instructions
Fabric Lily of the Valley Tutorial
Detailed step-by-step fabric flower tutorial for flower artists who wish to master the delicate and charming Lily of the Valley flowers from scratch using flower shaping tools.
.pdf format
Immediately accessible after purchase
Leather Daffodil Corsage tutorial
Detailed step-by-step flower tutorial on one of the bright spring classics, leather daffodils.
Recommended for improvers.
Suitable for beginners.
Immediately accessible after purchase
My First Leather Rose VIDEO Course – Newborn Star
Beginner/ improver Level Leather Rose
❀ beginner friendly video course (tools required)
❀ 7 online video lessons
❀ 120 minutes of VIDEO tuition on demand
❀ unlimited access for enrolled students
❀ learn to make beautiful hand tinted leather roses in your own time
❀ easily adaptable for fabric roses too (tips on this in the course)
Silk Poinsettia Tutorial + BONUS
Detailed step-by-step tutorial on the seasonal Poinsettia flowers is suitable for beginners as well as improvers. Colour, size, finish is up to you when you are creating this stunning bloom from scratch.
.pdf format
Immediately accessible after purchase
Handmade Fabric Feather Tutorial
All you need to know about making fabric feathers.
NO specialist tools required. All skill levels welcome.
.pdf format
Immediately accessible after purchase
4 for the price of 3 SILK ROSE tutorial bundle
❀ A perfect bundle of our best SILK ROSE tutorials ideal for those artists who wish to improve and enhance their silk rose making skills.
❀ Includes 4 tutorials on 4 very different types of Fabric Roses
❀ + GIFT (Introductory book on fabric flower making)
❀ ready for immediate download after purchase
Velvet Sweet Briar Rose Corsage Tutorial
Purchase at special price as a tutorial of the month for November 2024
Ideal for beginners who wish to master dyeing and shaping velvet petals and leaves.
.pdf format
Immediately accessible after purchase
Leather Thistle tutorial
Long awaited step-by-step tutorial on the iconic leather thistle.
Aimed at beginners and improvers, it will be of interest to all skill levels.
.pdf format
Immediately accessible after purchase
Silk Marie Antoinette Rose Choker Tutorial
Detailed step-by-step tutorial on the delicate Silk Marie Antoinette rose choker for flower artists with previous experience and a set of millinery tools.
.pdf format + additional short video
Immediately available after purchase
ADVANCED LEATHER ROSE Video Course
4 stunning advanced level leather roses await you in this course.
❀ advanced level
❀ 16 online video lessons + 5 Quizzes to test your knowledge on roses
❀ 7+ hours of exclusive VIDEO tuition on demand
❀ unlimited access for enrolled students
❀ learn to make beautiful leather flowers in your own time
To access the course please login to your account and follow these instructions
ADVANCED SILK ROSES Video Course
Purchase at special price as a tutorial of the month for November 2024
Silk Rose Video Tutorials on advanced level roses have arrived.
Video Course on demand
❀ 4 detailed VIDEO lessons on 4 roses that are different in shape, materials, assembly techniques and more
❀ 3-4 lessons for each rose + Quiz
video format
Cocktail Hats for Blythe Dolls VIDEO course in ENGL и по-русски
Learn to make cocktail doll hats using accessible supplies and tools
- In English
- На русском
Silk Iris Buttonhole Tutorial + BONUS
Detailed step-by-step silk flower tutorial for flower artists who wish to learn the how to make an popular silk iris flower.
Available for immediate download after purchase.
+ BONUS on delicate Gypsophila flowers
Immediately accessible after purchase
Gift Card
You can now purchase gift cards for your friends and fellow artists in the values stated above. Gift Cards are ideal for all gifting needs, including last-minute gifts. Gift Cards may only be redeemed toward the purchase of eligible products. Redeem your gift card when purchasing tools, supplies, tutorials, kits as well as workshops and finished flower accessories on presentperfectcreations.com
Silk Water Lily Tutorial
The water lily flower is stunningly beautiful to look and admire.
This tutorial is designed to introduce the elements of realistic flower painting and shaping.
Aimed at intermediate / advanced flower makers.
.pdf format
Immediately accessible after purchase
Leather Grape Brooch tutorial
Detailed step-by-step leather tutorial for leather makers who wish to learn the secrets behind the stylised NO TOOL leather grape brooch.
Perfect for beginners, fun for everyone!
.pdf format
Immediately accessible after purchase
Silk Passion Flower Tutorial
As symbolic as it is enigmatic, the passion flower will not leave you indifferent.
This passionflower tutorial is designed to introduce the elements of realistic flower accessory painting and aimed at intermediate / advanced flower makers.
Immediately accessible after purchase
4 for the price of 3 leather ROSE tutorial bundle
A perfect bundle of our best leather ROSE photo tutorials ideal for those artists who wish to improve and enhance their leather rose making skills.
Includes 4 tutorials on 4 very different types of Leather Roses
+ GIFT (Introductory book on leather flower making)
<<< Ready for immediate download after purchase >>>
Silk Acorn and Oak Leaves brooch tutorial
Detailed step-by-step flower tutorial for makers who wish to to create a seasonal fabric accessory in a couple of hours.
.pdf format + short video
Immediately accessible after purchase
4 for the price of 3 NO TOOL leather flower tutorial bundle for beginners
A perfect bundle of our best NO TOOL leather flower tutorials ideal for beginners and improvers
Includes 4 tutorials on Sunflower, Hydrangea, Poppy and Wild Rose
+ GIFT (Introductory book on leather flower making)
Immediately accessible after purchase
Leather Cattleya Orchid Tutorial
TUTORIAL OF THE MONTH for January 2024. Purchase now at a special price.
Detailed step-by-step tutorial on bright tropical Cattleya orchids made with genuine leather.
Discover how to fuse leather and fabric to create stunningly dainty flowers for your designs.
.pdf format
Immediately accessible after purchase.
Silk Cropped Petal Rose Buttonhole Tutorial
Detailed step-by-step tutorial on the original silk cropped petal rose for flower artists with previous experience and a set of millinery tools.
.pdf format
Immediately accessible after purchase